Assisted reproductive technology has transformed the landscape of fertility treatment. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most common ART procedures, where eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the body and then implanted into the uterus. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an additional option where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg, boosting the chances of successful fertilization. These technologies can use the couple’s own gametes or those donated by others.

Egg and sperm donation are further options to consider, especially if one partner's reproductive cells are not viable. The use of gestational surrogacy, where another woman carries and delivers a baby conceived through ART, has also allowed many to build their families.